*1951 : The UNIVAC 1 and the first generation of computers
      *Universal automatic computer
      *developed by Mauchly and Eckert for the the Remington Rand corp.
      *The 1st commercially viable
*1954 : The IBM 650
       *IBM's 1st entry to the commercial computer market IBM701 in 1953
*1907-1992:"Amazing"Grace Murray Hopper
       *In 1959,Dr. Hopper led an effort that laid the foundation for the development of COBOL
       *found the 1st "bug" in computer
*1958 : The 1st Integrated Circuit
       *The 1st integrated circuit a phase - shift oscillator,was invented in 1958
*1963: The PDP - 8 Minicomputer
        *In 1963 Digital Equipment
        *Corporation introduced the PDP - 8
        *The 1st successful minicomputer
*1964: The IBM System/360 and the 3rd generations of computers
        *The 3rd generation was characterized by computers built around integrated circuits.
        *A family of computers with upward compatibility
*1964:BASIC - More Than A Begginer's  Programming  Langguage
         *Dr. Thomas Kurtz and Dr. John Kemeny of Dartmount
*1969: ARPANET and the unblunding o hardware and software         *A U.S. Department of defense's advanced research project agency (ARPA)
*1975: Microsoft and Bill Gates          *Bill Gates and Paul Allen formed Microsoft Corporation ,now the largest and most influential soft ware company in the world
*1976:The Apple 1         *Steve Jobs and Steve Uzniak,along with Ronald G. Wayne formed the apple computer company
*1981: The IBM PC 
          *IBM tossed it's hat into the personal computer with it's announcement of the IBM personal computer
*1982: Mitchell Kapor Designs Lotus 1-2-3          *In 1982,Kapor founded Lotus Development Company
*1984: The Macintosh and Graphical user Interfaces          *Apple Computer introduced the Macintosh desktop computer with a very friendly graphical user interface
*1985 - present:Microsoft Windows          *Microsoft introduced windows,a GUI for IBM PC- compatible computers in 1985
*1989: The World Wide Web
          *Burners - Lee and a small team of scientists conceived HTML(The language of the internet),URLs (Internet Addresses),and put up the 1st server supporting the net of world wide web format
*1993:The Internet Browser          *The development in 1993 the graphic browse mosaic
*1996: The Handheld Computer           *The palmpilot handheld computer was introduced by palm computing inc.

The History of Computing

 The History of computing
*3000 B.C. : The Abacus
     *The original mechanical counting device.
   

*1623-1662 : Blaise Pascal
     *French mathematician and philosopher
     *Built the pascaline in 1642
                    

*1642: The Pascaline
     *a counting wheel design

                                     

*1801 : Jacquard's Loom

      *French,an Joseph Marie Jacquard (1753 -1871)
      *Wearing Loom
      *The first significant use of binary automation

                                    

*1793 -1871 : Charles Babbage

      *Envisioned a steam -powered difference engine and then an analytical engine.
                                            

*1816 - 1852 : Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace

     *Punched cards could be prepared instruct babbage's engine to repeat certain operations
     *The first programmer

                                           

*1842 : Babbage Difference Engine and the analytical engine
                                             

*1860 - 1929: Herman Hollerich
      *Devised a punched-card tabulating machine to speed up the 1890 US census
                                                      

*1890: Holerith's Tabulating Machine
       *Used a hand punch to enter data onto cards
       *A panthograph punch
*1974 -1956: Thomas Watson Sr.
     * In 1896 Herman Hollerich founded the tabulating machine company
     *form the computing - tabulating recording company

     *renamed the International Business Machines Corporation(IBM)
                                    

*1920's-1950's: The Electro - Mechanical accounting machine      *punched card technology

*1903 - 1995 : Dr. John V. ATANsoff and his ABC(afanasoff berry computer)

*1942: THe feist Electronic Digital Computer: The ABC
*1946:The Electronic ENIAC Comp.
            *ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

                                             

Information technology in our lives and benefits and drawbacks in ICT

ICT:
Information technology in our lives
*Digital Convergence
   *converting whatever we can in the physical and communications
         *Text
         *Voice
         *Pictures
         *Movies
*At home
          *email,internet shopping,virtual museum,banking transactions news
*At play
          *group chatting,games,songs,and movies from internet
*At work
           *office software,database
*At school or college
           *computer-based courses,distance learning
 

Benefits and Drawbacks in ICT

Benefits:
       *Storage
                *compact storage devices
                *cut down office space
                *cleaner,tidier working environment
       *Efficiency
                *increased processing speeds allow tasks to be completed more quickly by fewer people
                *allow the organizations to respond more quickly to clients need
        *Quality of Information
                 *data held in digital from can be interrogated quickly and flexibly
                 *improves  the standard of decision making
                 *enhance the information provision
        *Presentation
                 *present information

                 *economically and in a visually impressive manner
                  *could be used to make slide for meetings 

        *New services
                  *enable an organisation to provide services that it previously couldn't
                  Ex. online processing of transactions when previously the client would have to visit the                        premises
Drawbacks         *Capital Investment
                  *cost money

                  *initial investment of money on hardware and software

                  *updates

                   *maintenance cost money

         *Over dependence
                   *organisations can become to dependent on computer based systems
                   *malfunctions/breakdown is critical
                   *bankrupt

         *Limitations
                   *limited by the capacity of hardware ,quality of software,speed of  communication links
                   *restricting the efficiency of the whole system

         *Loss of flexibility

                   *can be  impeded by systems that take time to change
        *Staffing Difficulties

                   *retraining of staff

                   *specialist staff  -who nab by costly and in short supply -will need to be employed

                   *jobs will be lost 

 Reflection: I think there's some benefits in ICT or IT but there's also some  drawbacks in it and don't only depend in technology even if  it so helpful for us.